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How to Get On and Off an Escalator

Getting on and off an escalator is simple for most people. However, some people are scared of riding an escalator because of a previous bad experience, stories they may have heard, warning signs or just because escalators are big and make a lot of noise. This article will teach you how to correctly get on and off an escalator safely.

EditSteps

1. 
   1
   Identify the escalator you are planning to embark on. Use building maps and floor plans to make sure it is the correct one. If these are unavailable, you will have to guess, but make sure you have a plan to get back should you have gotten on the wrong one.
2. 
   2
   Walk up to the escalator and think about what you are going to do. It is important to time things just right, or you may fall and injure yourself. Face the moving steps and concentrate. It is advised to ask a few friends to hold up the people behind you if you plan to take anymore than a few seconds doing this. This way it is less likely someone will bump into you and break your concentration.
3. 
   3
   Begin walking onto the moving steps. Grasp the moving railing as you step forward. If this is performed correctly, you should end up standing on the escalator holding the railing.
4. 
   4
   Stand on the right-hand side of the escalator if you do not plan to walk, as people who are walking will be walking on the left side.
5. 
   5
   To get off of the escalator, let go of the handrail and step onto the metal at the end.

Source:

How to Overcome a Fear of Escalators

If you are afraid of escalators, here is how to overcome that fear.

EditSteps

1. 
   1
   Observe how other people are using the escalator.
2. 
   2
   Approach it deliberately, slowly. Step out of the way to back off and wait a while--if you wish to work up to it a little.
3. 
   3
   Notice that most people seem to love and enjoy escalators, and approach them happily even with joy.
4. 
   4
   Think about why other users do not seem to be afraid.
   • Why are you afraid? Do you just need to go for it, a few times?
5. 
   5
   Take your time getting on and off the escalator to be safe, and not to fall. Don't rush: keep control of your emotions, and follow steps below.
6. 
   6
   Grasp the moving handrail and step on. Be still. Hold onto the handrails.
7. 
   7
   Use the escalator carefully. If you have average eyesight, coordination, balance and agility it is considered safe to use an escalator.
   • Is their danger--well, probably no more than falling on ordinary steps or stairs. That one should not slip and lose balance depends on your equilibrium.
8. 
   8
   Remember that Escalators have safety features like emergency stop buttons.

Source: http://www.wikihow.com/Overcome-a-Fear-of-Escalatorshttp://www.wikihow.com/Overcome-a-Fear-of-Escalators

HOW THE ESCALLTOR WORKS

Escalators work in much the same way that conveyor belts do, and in most cases the moving stairs are actually on a belt that rotates around a set of gears at a certain fixed speed. The gears tend to be large, and typically sit just below the steps. They are electrically powered and, as they turn, the steps move. In most cases the stairs themselves are just grooved metal that lies flat as it travels down the backside, beneath the floor, and back around again. In most cases this same system controls handrail motion, though this is an additional moving part. These machines often look really imposing, but from a mechanical perspective they tend to be pretty straightforward. Repairs are also usually pretty easy, though they can take a lot of time since they involve, in most cases, major moving parts. Accessibility is often the hardest part about servicing gears and other internal parts.

 he core machinery for these large appliances is usually hidden beneath the steps in what is called a truss. At the top of the machine, housed in the truss, is an electric motor that runs the four primary gears all models have — two drive gears on either side at the top, and two return gears on either side at the bottom. Chains loop around the gears and run down each side. These chains are connected to each step and help each make their way up or down at a speed that is set by the motor, often through an electronic control panel..

Stair Mechanics

The way the steps flatten out at the tops and bottoms has to do with how each step is constructed as a unit. In most cases, the stairs themselves are little more than flattened metal with four wheels attached to the underside, two each on the top and bottom. The two wheels that are closest to the top of the step connect to the two chains that loop around the gears. The horizontal positioning of that chain at the top and bottom causes the steps, in turn, to flatten out. The two wheels that are closest to the bottom of the step roll along a rail within the truss for stability. The grooves in the steps aren’t really essential, though they’re thought to help with alignment and can also improve balance and stability for people riding.

Handrail Motion

The handrails that riders use for balance and safety on their ride up or down are usually powered by the same system that powers the steps. The handrails are essentially long rubber loops connected to the two drive gears at the top and powered by the same electric motor that powers the steps. Their speed is usually controlled automatically by the drive gears so that they are in perfect synch with the steps.

Creation History

The concept of the modern escalator has been around for a long time. In 1859, the American entrepreneur Nathan Ames was granted a patent for his model, and the American inventor Leamon Souder was later granted more patents for several of his own versions. Neither, however, ever succeeded in building a functioning version. In the early 1890s, another American, Jesse Reno, was granted a patent for his version, which was slightly different, and he was actually able to produce a working model. It debuted as an amusement park ride at Coney Island in New York. A commercial model wasn't produced until 1899, when the American inventor Charles Seeberger built one. Seeberger was actually the first of these inventors to use the term “escalator.”

The first commercial versions were installed primarily in multi-story department stores such as Bloomingdale's in New York City. Both Seeberger and Reno sold their patent rights to the Otis Elevator Company in 1910, which proceeded to dominate the industry.

Common Risks and Problems

Escalators are generally considered safe, though depending on how tightly the steps close in on themselves and how much of a gap there is between the belt’s retraction at the top or base and the metal footplate, things can sometimes get stuck. Riding in the center is usually just fine. Problems come most often at either end. Long, drapey clothing can sometimes become entangled with the steps as they retract, and thin shoes like flip-flops can sometimes get stuck if they fit in the gap between the top casing and the stairway belt. When this happens, the machine usually needs to be shut off and a mechanic will usually have to reverse the belt to free the jammed item.

Mechanical repairs are usually somewhat simple, though they can be inconvenient as they usually require the whole machine to be powered off. Repair personnel can usually remove the steps individually to reveal the gear chamber, and most parts are relatively easy to access through these panels. They often require a mechanic to physically get inside the inner chamber, though.
Source: http://www.wisegeek.org/how-do-escalators-work.htm#didyouknowout


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100 RAJNIKANTH JOKES

1. Rajnikanth killed the Dead Sea.
2. When Rajnikanth does push-ups, he isn't lifting himself up. He is pushing the earth down.
3. There is no such thing as evolution, it's just a list of creatures that Rajnikanth allowed to live.
4. Rajnikanth gave Mona Lisa that smile.5. Rajnikanth can divide by zero.
6. Rajnikanth can judge a book by its cover.
7. Rajnikanth can drown a fish.
8. Rajnikanth can delete the Recycle Bin.
9. Rajnikanth once got into a fight with a VCR player. Now it plays DVDs.
10. Rajnikanth can slam a revolving door.
11. Rajnikanth once kicked a horse in the chin. Its descendants are today called giraffes.
12. Rajnikanth once ordered a plate of idli in McDonald's, and got it.
13. Rajnikanth can win at Solitaire with only 18 cards.
14. The Bermuda Triangle used to be the Bermuda Square, until Rajnikanth kicked one of the corners off.
15. Rajnikanth can build a snowman out of rain.
16. Rajnikanth can strangle you with a cordless phone.
17. Rajnikanth can make onions cry.
18. Rajnikanth destroyed the periodic table, because he only recognises the element of surprise.
19. Rajnikanth has counted to infinity, twice.
20. Rajinikanth can watch the show 60 minutes in 20 minutes.
21. Rajnikanth will attain separate statehood in 2013.
22. Rajnikanth did, in fact, build Rome in a day.
23. Rajnikanth once got into a knife-fight. The knife lost.
24. Rajnikanth can play the violin with a piano.
25. Rajnikanth never wet his bed as a child. The bed wet itself in fear.
26. The only man who ever outsmarted Rajnikanth was Stephen Hawking, and he got what he deserved.
27. Rajnikanth can talk about Fight Club.
28. Rajnikanth doesn't breathe. Air hides in his lungs for protection.
29. There are no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. Rajnikanth lives in Chennai.
30. Rajnikanth kills Harry Potter in the eighth book.
31. Rajnikanth does not own a stove, oven, or microwave, because revenge is a dish best served cold.
32. Rajnikanth has already been to Mars, that's why there are no signs of life there.
33. Rajnikanth doesn't move at the speed of light. Light moves at the speed of Rajnikanth.
34. Rajnikanth knows Victoria's secret.
35. Water boils faster when Rajnikanth stares at it.
36. Rajinikanth is the only man to ever defeat a brick wall in a game of tennis.
37. Rajnikanth kills two stones with one bird.
38. google won't find rajnikanth because you don't find him, rajni finds you
39. Rajnikanth gave the Joker his scars.
40. Rajnikanth leaves messages before the beep.
41. Rajnikanth once warned a young girl to be good "or else". The result? Mother Teresa.
42. Rajnikanth electrocuted Iron Man.
43. Rajnikanth killed SpiderMan using Baygon anti-bug spray.
44. Rajnikanth can make PCs better than the Mac.
45. Rajnikanth puts the laughter in 'manslaughter'.
46. Rajnikanth goes to court and sentences the judge.
47. Rajnikanth can handle the truth.
48. Rajnikanth can speak Braille.
49. Rajnikanth can dodge Chuck Norris' roundhouse kicks.
50. Rajnikanth calls Voldemort by his name.
51. Who do you think taught Voldemort Parseltongue? Rajnikanth did.
52. Rajnikanth can teach an old dog new tricks
53. Chuck Norris once met Rajnikanth. The result he was reduced to a joke on the Internet.
54. Rajnikanth got small pox when he was a kid. As a result, small pox is now eradicated.
55. Rajnikanth's calendar goes straight from March 31st to April 2nd, no one fools Rajnikanth.
56. Rajnikanth grinds his coffee with his teeth and boils the water with his own rage.
57. The last time Rajnikanth killed someone, he slapped himself to do it. The other guy just disintegrated. Resonance.
58. Rajnikanth once had a heart attack. His heart lost.
59. Rajnikanth is so fast, he can run around the world and punch himself in the back of the head.
60. Rajnikanth can run at speed of light around a tree and screw himself.
61. Rajnikanth can lick his elbows.
62. Rajnikanth once ate an entire bottle of sleeping pills. They made him blink.
63. Rajnikanth does not get frostbite. Rajnikanth bites frost.
64. Rajnikanth doesn't wear a watch. He decides what time it is.
65. Rajnikanth got his driver's licence at the age of 16 seconds.
66. When you say "no one is perfect", Rajnikanth takes this as a personal insult.
67. In an average living room there are 1,242 objects Rajnikanth could use to kill you, including the room itself.
68. Words like awesomeness, brilliance, legendary etc. were added to the dictionary in the year 1949. That was the year Rajnikanth was born.
69. The statement "nobody can cheat death", is a personal insult to Rajnikanth. Rajni cheats and fools death everyday.
70. When Rajnikanth is asked to kill some one he doesn't know, he shoots the bullet and directs it the day he finds out.
71. Rajnikanth can give pain to painkillers and headache to Anacin.
72. Rajnikanth knows what women really want.
73. Time and tide wait for Rajnikanth.
74. Rajnikanth sneezed only once in his entire life, that's when the tsunami occurred in the Indian ocean.
75. As a child when Rajnikanth had dyslexia, he simply re-scripted the alphabet.
76. Rajnikanth collects Honey from his private Moon HoneyMoon.
77. Rajnikanth can answer a missed call.
78. Rajnikanth doesn't need a visa to travel abroad, he just jumps from the tallest building in Chennai and holds himself in the air while the earth rotates.
79. Rajnikanth's brain works faster than Chacha Chaudhury's.
80. Rajnikanth doesn't shower. He only takes blood baths.
81. To be or not to be? That is the question. The answer? Rajnikanth.
82. The quickest way to a man's heart is with Rajnikanth's fist.
83. Where there is a will, there is a way. Where there is Rajnikanth, there is no other way.
84. Rajnikanth's every step creates a mini whirlwind. Hurricane Katrina was the result of a morning jog.
85. Rajnikanth doesn't bowl strikes, he just knocks down one pin and the other nine faint out of fear.
86. Archaeologists unearthed an old English dictionary dating back to the year 1236. It defined "victim" as "one who has encountered Rajnikanth".
87. There is no such thing as global warming. Rajnikanth was feeling cold, so brought the sun closer to heat the earth up.
88. Once a cobra bit Rajnikanth' leg. After five days of excruciating pain, the cobra died.
89. Rajnikanth is a champion in the game 'hide n' seek', as no one can hide from Rajnikanth.
90. Rajnikanth proves Newton wrong all the time. Every time he performs an action, he simply eliminates anything and everything that can provide the reaction.
91. Rajnikanth is a weapon created by God to use on doomsday to end the world.
92. Aliens do indeed exist. They just know better than to visit a planet that Rajnikanth is on.
93. We live in an expanding universe. All of it is trying to get away from Rajnikanth.
94. If at first you don't succeed, you're not Rajnikanth.
95. Rajnikanth's first job was as a bus conductor. There were no survivors.
96. Rajnikanth does not style his hair.It lays perfectly in place out of sheer terror.
97. When Rajnikanth plays Monopoly, it affects the actual world economy.
98. Rajnikanth's house has no doors, only walls that he walks through.
99. Gmail's new ID: gmail@rajnikanth.com
100. 'Robot is released. Rajnikanth gives Times of India 3 stars.

THE GOLD PILL

HOW RAINBOW FORMS

Rainbow Formation

• Dispersion of Light by Prisms
• Rainbow Formation
• Mirages

One of nature's most splendid masterpieces is the rainbow. A rainbow is an excellent demonstration of the dispersion of light and one more piece of evidence that visible light is composed of a spectrum of wavelengths, each associated with a distinct color. To view a rainbow, your back must be to the sun as you look at an approximately 40 degree angle above the ground into a region of the atmosphere with suspended droplets of water or even a light mist. Each individual droplet of water acts as a tiny prism that both disperses the light and reflects it back to your eye. As you sight into the sky, wavelengths of light associated with a specific color arrive at your eye from the collection of droplets. The net effect of the vast array of droplets is that a circular arc of ROYGBIV is seen across the sky. But just exactly how do the droplets of water disperse and reflect the light? And why does the pattern always appear as ROYGBIV from top to bottom? These are the questions that we will seek to understand on this page of The Physics Classroom Tutorial. To understand these questions, we will need to draw upon our understanding of refraction, internal reflection and dispersion.

The Path of Light Through a Droplet

A collection of suspended water droplets in the atmosphere serves as a refractor of light. The water represents a medium with a different optical density than the surrounding air. Light waves refract when they cross over the boundary from one medium to another. The decrease in speed upon entry of light into a water droplet causes a bending of the path of light towards the normal. And upon exiting the droplet, light speeds up and bends away from the normal. The droplet causes a deviation in the path of light as it enters and exits the drop.
There are countless paths by which light rays from the sun can pass through a drop. Each path is characterized by this bending towards and away from the normal. One path of great significance in the discussion of rainbows is the path in which light refracts into the droplet, internally reflects, and then refracts out of the droplet. The diagram at the right depicts such a path. A light ray from the sun enters the droplet with a slight downward trajectory. Upon refracting twice and reflecting once, the light ray is dispersed and bent downward towards an observer on earth's surface. Other entry locations into the droplet may result in similar paths or even in light continuing through the droplet and out the opposite side without significant internal reflection. But for the entry location shown in the diagram at the right, there is an optimal concentration of light exiting the airborne droplet at an angle towards the ground. As in the case of the refraction of light through prisms with nonparallel sides, the refraction of light at two boundaries of the droplet results in the dispersion of light into a spectrum of colors. The shorter wavelength blue and violet light refract a slightly greater amount than the longer wavelength red light. Since the boundaries are not parallel to each other, the double refraction results in a distinct separation of the sunlight into its component colors.
The angle of deviation between the incoming light rays from the sun and the refracted rays directed to the observer's eyes is approximately 42 degrees for the red light. Because of the tendency of shorter wavelength blue light to refract more than red light, its angle of deviation from the original sun rays is approximately 40 degrees. As shown in the diagram, the red light refracts out of the droplet at a steeper angle toward an observer on the ground. There are a multitude of paths by which the original ray can pass through a droplet and subsequently angle towards the ground. Some of the paths are dependent upon which part of the droplet the incident rays contact. Other paths are dependent upon the location of the sun in the sky and the subsequent trajectory of the incoming rays towards the droplet. Yet the greatest concentration of outgoing rays is found at these 40-42 degree angles of deviation. At these angles, the dispersed light is bright enough to result in a rainbow display in the sky. Now that we understand the path of light through an individual droplet, we can approach the topic of how the rainbow forms.

The Formation of the Rainbow

A rainbow is most often viewed as a circular arc in the sky. An observer on the ground observes a half-circle of color with red being the color perceived on the outside or top of the bow. Those who are fortunate enough to have seen a rainbow from an airplane in the sky may know that a rainbow can actually be a complete circle. Observers on the ground only view the top half of the circle since the bottom half of the circular arc is prevented by the presence of the ground (and the rather obvious fact that suspended water droplets aren't present below ground). Yet observers in an airborne plane can often look both upward and downward to view the complete circular bow.
The circle (or half-circle) results because there are a collection of suspended droplets in the atmosphere that are capable concentrating the dispersed light at angles of deviation of 40-42 degrees relative to the original path of light from the sun. These droplets actually form a circular arc, with each droplet within the arc dispersing light and reflecting it back towards the observer. Every droplet within the arc is refracting and dispersing the entire visible light spectrum (ROYGBIV). As described above, the red light is refracted out of a droplet at steeper angles towards the ground than the blue light. Thus, when an observer sights at a steeper angle with respect to the ground, droplets of water within this line of sight are refracting the red light to the observer's eye. The blue light from these same droplets is directed at a less steep angle and is directed along a trajectory that passes over the observer's head. Thus, it is the red light that is seen when looking at the steeper angles relative to the ground. Similarly, when sighting at less steep angles, droplets of water within this line of sight are directing blue light to the observer's eye while the red light is directed downwards at a more steep angle towards the observer's feet. This discussion explains why it is the red light that is observed at the top and on the outer perimeter of a rainbow and the blue light that is observed on the bottom and the inner perimeter of the rainbow.


Rainbows are not limited to the dispersion of light by raindrops. The splashing of water at the base of a waterfall caused a mist of water in the air that often results in the formation of rainbows. A backyard water sprinkler is another common source of a rainbow. Bright sunlight, suspended droplets of water and the proper angle of sighting are the three necessary components for viewing one of nature's most splendid masterpieces.

 Source: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/Lesson-4/Rainbow-Formation